Merge pull request #2 from supleed2/Integration

Integration

Control/platformio.ini

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ platform = espressif32
 board = esp32dev
 framework = arduino
 monitor_speed = 115200
-upload_port = COM[3]
+upload_port = COM13
 monitor_filters = 
 	send_on_enter
 	esp32_exception_decoder

Control/ref/drive.cpp

@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ void loop()
     deserializeJson(rdoc, Serial1); // Take JSON input from UART1
     int requiredHeading = rdoc["rH"]; // if -1: command in progress, returning requested heading, dist/sp to be ignored
     int distance = rdoc["dist"]; // -1 for emergency stop
-    float speed = rdoc["sp"]; // -1 for emergency stop
+    float spd = rdoc["sp"]; // -1 for emergency stop
     int currentHeading = rdoc["cH"];
-	bool resetDistanceTravelled = rdoc["rstD"];
+    bool resetDistanceTravelled = rdoc["rstD"];
 
     bool commandComplete = 0;
-    float powerUsage_mW = 0.0;
+    float powerUsage_mWh = 0.0;
     int distTravelled_mm = 0;
     int current_x = 0;
     int current_y = 0;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void loop()
 
     DynamicJsonDocument tdoc(1024); // transmit doc, not sure how big this needs to be
     tdoc["comp"] = commandComplete; // If 0: command in progress, current heading requested
-    tdoc["mW"] = powerUsage_mW;
+    tdoc["mWh"] = powerUsage_mWh;
     tdoc["mm"] = distTravelled_mm;
     tdoc["pos"][0] = current_x;
     tdoc["pos"][1] = current_y;

Control/src/main.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma region Includes
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include <string>
+#include <SoftwareSerial.h> // Software Serial not currently needed
 #include <SoftwareSerial.h>
 #include <AsyncTCP.h>
 #include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>

Drive/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.pio
+.vscode/.browse.c_cpp.db*
+.vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
+.vscode/launch.json
+.vscode/ipch

Drive/.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    // See http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=827846
+    // for the documentation about the extensions.json format
+    "recommendations": [
+        "platformio.platformio-ide"
+    ]
+}

Drive/include/README

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+This directory is intended for project header files.
+
+A header file is a file containing C declarations and macro definitions
+to be shared between several project source files. You request the use of a
+header file in your project source file (C, C++, etc) located in `src` folder
+by including it, with the C preprocessing directive `#include'.
+
+```src/main.c
+
+#include "header.h"
+
+int main (void)
+{
+ ...
+}
+```
+
+Including a header file produces the same results as copying the header file
+into each source file that needs it. Such copying would be time-consuming
+and error-prone. With a header file, the related declarations appear
+in only one place. If they need to be changed, they can be changed in one
+place, and programs that include the header file will automatically use the
+new version when next recompiled. The header file eliminates the labor of
+finding and changing all the copies as well as the risk that a failure to
+find one copy will result in inconsistencies within a program.
+
+In C, the usual convention is to give header files names that end with `.h'.
+It is most portable to use only letters, digits, dashes, and underscores in
+header file names, and at most one dot.
+
+Read more about using header files in official GCC documentation:
+
+* Include Syntax
+* Include Operation
+* Once-Only Headers
+* Computed Includes
+
+https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Header-Files.html

Drive/lib/README

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+
+This directory is intended for project specific (private) libraries.
+PlatformIO will compile them to static libraries and link into executable file.
+
+The source code of each library should be placed in a an own separate directory
+("lib/your_library_name/[here are source files]").
+
+For example, see a structure of the following two libraries `Foo` and `Bar`:
+
+|--lib
+|  |
+|  |--Bar
+|  |  |--docs
+|  |  |--examples
+|  |  |--src
+|  |     |- Bar.c
+|  |     |- Bar.h
+|  |  |- library.json (optional, custom build options, etc) https://docs.platformio.org/page/librarymanager/config.html
+|  |
+|  |--Foo
+|  |  |- Foo.c
+|  |  |- Foo.h
+|  |
+|  |- README --> THIS FILE
+|
+|- platformio.ini
+|--src
+   |- main.c
+
+and a contents of `src/main.c`:
+```
+#include <Foo.h>
+#include <Bar.h>
+
+int main (void)
+{
+  ...
+}
+
+```
+
+PlatformIO Library Dependency Finder will find automatically dependent
+libraries scanning project source files.
+
+More information about PlatformIO Library Dependency Finder
+- https://docs.platformio.org/page/librarymanager/ldf.html

Drive/platformio.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+; PlatformIO Project Configuration File
+;
+;   Build options: build flags, source filter
+;   Upload options: custom upload port, speed and extra flags
+;   Library options: dependencies, extra library storages
+;   Advanced options: extra scripting
+;
+; Please visit documentation for the other options and examples
+; https://docs.platformio.org/page/projectconf.html
+
+[env]
+lib_deps = 
+	bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ ^6.18.0
+	wollewald/INA219_WE @ ^1.1.6
+monitor_speed = 115200
+upload_speed = 115200
+
+[env:nano_every]
+platform = atmelmegaavr
+board = nano_every
+framework = arduino

Drive/src/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,873 @@
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+// #include <string>
+#include <Wire.h>
+#include <INA219_WE.h>
+#include "SPI.h"
+#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
+
+// #define RXpin 4 // Define your RX pin here
+// #define TXpin 13 // Define your TX pin here
+
+// SoftwareSerial mySerial(RXpin, TXpin);
+
+bool debug = false;
+
+//TO IMPLEMENT
+//DONE 2 way serial
+//DONE F<>,B<>,S,L<>,R<>,p<0--1023>
+//DONE Obtain current and power usage, get voltage from analog pin
+//request angle facing
+//DONE speed control 0-1
+//speed calibration, 0 stop and max speed to match
+//distance travveled and x and y at request
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------SMPS & MOTOR CODE START------------------------------------------------------//
+INA219_WE ina219; // this is the instantiation of the library for the current sensor
+
+float open_loop, closed_loop;                                        // Duty Cycles
+float vpd, vb, vref, iL, dutyref, current_mA;                        // Measurement Variables
+unsigned int sensorValue0, sensorValue1, sensorValue2, sensorValue3; // ADC sample values declaration
+float ev = 0, cv = 0, ei = 0, oc = 0;                                //internal signals
+float Ts = 0.0008;                                                   //1.25 kHz control frequency. It's better to design the control period as integral multiple of switching period.
+float kpv = 0.05024, kiv = 15.78, kdv = 0;                           // voltage pid.
+float u0v, u1v, delta_uv, e0v, e1v, e2v;                             // u->output; e->error; 0->this time; 1->last time; 2->last last time
+float kpi = 0.02512, kii = 39.4, kdi = 0;                            // current pid.
+float u0i, u1i, delta_ui, e0i, e1i, e2i;                             // Internal values for the current controller
+float uv_max = 4, uv_min = 0;                                        //anti-windup limitation
+float ui_max = 1, ui_min = 0;                                        //anti-windup limitation
+float current_limit = 1.0;
+boolean Boost_mode = 0;
+boolean CL_mode = 0;
+
+unsigned int loopTrigger;
+unsigned int com_count = 0; // a variables to count the interrupts. Used for program debugging.
+
+//************************** Motor Constants **************************//
+unsigned long previousMillis = 0; //initializing time counter
+const long f_i = 10000;           //time to move in forward direction, please calculate the precision and conversion factor
+const long r_i = 20000;           //time to rotate clockwise
+const long b_i = 30000;           //time to move backwards
+const long l_i = 40000;           //time to move anticlockwise
+const long s_i = 50000;
+int DIRRstate = LOW; //initializing direction states
+int DIRLstate = HIGH;
+
+int DIRL = 20; //defining left direction pin
+int DIRR = 21; //defining right direction pin
+
+int pwmr = 5; //pin to control right wheel speed using pwm
+int pwml = 9; //pin to control left wheel speed using pwm
+//*******************************************************************//
+//-------------------------------------------------------SMPS & MOTOR CODE END------------------------------------------------------//
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------OPTICAL SENSOR CODE START------------------------------------------------------//
+#define PIN_SS 10
+#define PIN_MISO 12
+#define PIN_MOSI 11
+#define PIN_SCK 13
+
+#define PIN_MOUSECAM_RESET 8
+#define PIN_MOUSECAM_CS 7
+
+#define ADNS3080_PIXELS_X 30
+#define ADNS3080_PIXELS_Y 30
+
+#define ADNS3080_PRODUCT_ID 0x00
+#define ADNS3080_REVISION_ID 0x01
+#define ADNS3080_MOTION 0x02
+#define ADNS3080_DELTA_X 0x03
+#define ADNS3080_DELTA_Y 0x04
+#define ADNS3080_SQUAL 0x05
+#define ADNS3080_PIXEL_SUM 0x06
+#define ADNS3080_MAXIMUM_PIXEL 0x07
+#define ADNS3080_CONFIGURATION_BITS 0x0a
+#define ADNS3080_EXTENDED_CONFIG 0x0b
+#define ADNS3080_DATA_OUT_LOWER 0x0c
+#define ADNS3080_DATA_OUT_UPPER 0x0d
+#define ADNS3080_SHUTTER_LOWER 0x0e
+#define ADNS3080_SHUTTER_UPPER 0x0f
+#define ADNS3080_FRAME_PERIOD_LOWER 0x10
+#define ADNS3080_FRAME_PERIOD_UPPER 0x11
+#define ADNS3080_MOTION_CLEAR 0x12
+#define ADNS3080_FRAME_CAPTURE 0x13
+#define ADNS3080_SROM_ENABLE 0x14
+#define ADNS3080_FRAME_PERIOD_MAX_BOUND_LOWER 0x19
+#define ADNS3080_FRAME_PERIOD_MAX_BOUND_UPPER 0x1a
+#define ADNS3080_FRAME_PERIOD_MIN_BOUND_LOWER 0x1b
+#define ADNS3080_FRAME_PERIOD_MIN_BOUND_UPPER 0x1c
+#define ADNS3080_SHUTTER_MAX_BOUND_LOWER 0x1e
+#define ADNS3080_SHUTTER_MAX_BOUND_UPPER 0x1e
+#define ADNS3080_SROM_ID 0x1f
+#define ADNS3080_OBSERVATION 0x3d
+#define ADNS3080_INVERSE_PRODUCT_ID 0x3f
+#define ADNS3080_PIXEL_BURST 0x40
+#define ADNS3080_MOTION_BURST 0x50
+#define ADNS3080_SROM_LOAD 0x60
+
+#define ADNS3080_PRODUCT_ID_VAL 0x17
+
+int total_x = 0;
+int total_y = 0;
+
+int total_x1 = 0;
+int total_y1 = 0;
+
+int x = 0;
+int y = 0;
+
+int a = 0;
+int b = 0;
+
+int distance_x = 0;
+int distance_y = 0;
+
+int dist_to_move_prev_fl = 0;
+int dist_to_move_prev_fr = 0;
+unsigned long time_pid_prev_fl = 0;
+unsigned long time_pid_prev_fr = 0;
+
+int dist_to_move_prev_sl = 0;
+int dist_to_move_prev_sr = 0;
+unsigned long time_pid_prev_sl = 0;
+unsigned long time_pid_prev_sr = 0;
+
+float kpdrive = 0.055;
+float kddrive = 4.700;
+
+float kpheading = 0.055;
+float kdheading = 4.700;
+
+volatile byte movementflag = 0;
+volatile int xydat[2];
+
+// FUNCTION DELCARATIONS //
+
+float pidi(float pid_input);
+float pidv(float pid_input);
+void pwm_modulate(float pwm_input);
+float saturation(float sat_input, float uplim, float lowlim);
+void sampling();
+void mousecam_write_reg(int reg, int val);
+int mousecam_read_reg(int reg);
+void mousecam_reset();
+int getCurrentHeading();
+float pid_ms(int dist_to_move, int *dist_to_move_prev, unsigned long *time_pid_prev, float kps, float kds);
+float pid_h_ms(bool left, float speed, int dist_to_move, int *dist_to_move_prev, unsigned long *time_pid_prev, float kps, float kds);
+
+int convTwosComp(int b)
+{
+  //Convert from 2's complement
+  if (b & 0x80)
+  {
+    b = -1 * ((b ^ 0xff) + 1);
+  }
+  return b;
+}
+
+int tdistance = 0;
+
+void mousecam_reset(){
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_RESET, HIGH);
+  delay(1); // reset pulse >10us
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_RESET, LOW);
+  delay(35); // 35ms from reset to functional
+}
+
+int mousecam_init(){
+  pinMode(PIN_MOUSECAM_RESET, OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, OUTPUT);
+
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, HIGH);
+
+  mousecam_reset();
+
+  int pid = mousecam_read_reg(ADNS3080_PRODUCT_ID);
+  if (pid != ADNS3080_PRODUCT_ID_VAL)
+    return -1;
+
+  // turn on sensitive mode
+  mousecam_write_reg(ADNS3080_CONFIGURATION_BITS, 0x19);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void mousecam_write_reg(int reg, int val){
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, LOW);
+  SPI.transfer(reg | 0x80);
+  SPI.transfer(val);
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, HIGH);
+  delayMicroseconds(50);
+}
+
+int mousecam_read_reg(int reg){
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, LOW);
+  SPI.transfer(reg);
+  delayMicroseconds(75);
+  int ret = SPI.transfer(0xff);
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, HIGH);
+  delayMicroseconds(1);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+struct MD{
+  byte motion;
+  char dx, dy;
+  byte squal;
+  word shutter;
+  byte max_pix;
+};
+
+void mousecam_read_motion(struct MD *p){
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, LOW);
+  SPI.transfer(ADNS3080_MOTION_BURST);
+  delayMicroseconds(75);
+  p->motion = SPI.transfer(0xff);
+  p->dx = SPI.transfer(0xff);
+  p->dy = SPI.transfer(0xff);
+  p->squal = SPI.transfer(0xff);
+  p->shutter = SPI.transfer(0xff) << 8;
+  p->shutter |= SPI.transfer(0xff);
+  p->max_pix = SPI.transfer(0xff);
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, HIGH);
+  delayMicroseconds(5);
+}
+
+// pdata must point to an array of size ADNS3080_PIXELS_X x ADNS3080_PIXELS_Y
+// you must call mousecam_reset() after this if you want to go back to normal operation
+int mousecam_frame_capture(byte *pdata)
+{
+  mousecam_write_reg(ADNS3080_FRAME_CAPTURE, 0x83);
+
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, LOW);
+
+  SPI.transfer(ADNS3080_PIXEL_BURST);
+  delayMicroseconds(50);
+
+  int pix;
+  byte started = 0;
+  int count;
+  int timeout = 0;
+  int ret = 0;
+  for (count = 0; count < ADNS3080_PIXELS_X * ADNS3080_PIXELS_Y;)
+  {
+    pix = SPI.transfer(0xff);
+    delayMicroseconds(10);
+    if (started == 0)
+    {
+      if (pix & 0x40)
+        started = 1;
+      else
+      {
+        timeout++;
+        if (timeout == 100)
+        {
+          ret = -1;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (started == 1)
+    {
+      pdata[count++] = (pix & 0x3f) << 2; // scale to normal grayscale byte range
+    }
+  }
+
+  digitalWrite(PIN_MOUSECAM_CS, HIGH);
+  delayMicroseconds(14);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------OPTICAL SENSOR CODE END------------------------------------------------------//
+
+//Tracker Variables
+int current_x = 0;
+int current_y = 0;
+int goal_x = 0;
+int goal_y = 0;
+int distanceGoal;
+bool commandComplete = 1;
+float powerUsage_mWh = 0;
+int distTravelled_mm = 0;
+bool initialAngleSet = false;
+
+//calibration varibles
+int angularDrift = 0; //+ve to right, -ve to left
+int leftStart = 80;   //pwm min for left motor
+int leftStop = 255;   //pwm max for left motor
+int rightStart = 80;  //pwm min for right motor
+int rightStop = 255;  //pwm max for right motor
+
+//Energy Usage Variables
+unsigned long previousMillis_Energy = 0; // will store last time energy use was updated
+const long interval_Energy = 1000;       //energy usaged update frequency
+float totalEnergyUsed = 0;
+float powerUsed = 0;
+int loopCount = 0;
+float motorVoltage = 0;
+
+int getPWMfromSpeed(float speedr, bool left)
+{
+  if (speedr >= 1)
+  {
+    return 512;
+  }
+  else if (speedr < 0)
+  {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    int speedpercentage = (speedr * 100);
+    if (left)
+    {
+      return map(speedpercentage, 0, 100, leftStart, leftStop);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      return map(speedpercentage, 0, 100, rightStart, rightStop);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void setup()
+{
+  //-------------------------------------------------------SMPS & MOTOR CODE START------------------------------------------------------//
+  //************************** Motor Pins Defining **************************//
+  pinMode(DIRR, OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(DIRL, OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(pwmr, OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(pwml, OUTPUT);
+  digitalWrite(pwmr, HIGH); //setting right motor speed at maximum
+  digitalWrite(pwml, HIGH); //setting left motor speed at maximum
+  //*******************************************************************//
+
+  //Basic pin setups
+
+  noInterrupts();            //disable all interrupts
+  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);       //Pin13 is used to time the loops of the controller
+  pinMode(3, INPUT_PULLUP);  //Pin3 is the input from the Buck/Boost switch
+  pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);  // Pin 2 is the input from the CL/OL switch
+  analogReference(EXTERNAL); // We are using an external analogue reference for the ADC
+
+  // TimerA0 initialization for control-loop interrupt.
+
+  TCA0.SINGLE.PER = 999;                                                 //
+  TCA0.SINGLE.CMP1 = 999;                                                //
+  TCA0.SINGLE.CTRLA = TCA_SINGLE_CLKSEL_DIV16_gc | TCA_SINGLE_ENABLE_bm; //16 prescaler, 1M.
+  TCA0.SINGLE.INTCTRL = TCA_SINGLE_CMP1_bm;
+
+  // TimerB0 initialization for PWM output
+
+  pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
+  TCB0.CTRLA = TCB_CLKSEL_CLKDIV1_gc | TCB_ENABLE_bm; //62.5kHz
+  analogWrite(6, 120);
+
+  interrupts();          //enable interrupts.
+  Wire.begin();          // We need this for the i2c comms for the current sensor
+  ina219.init();         // this initiates the current sensor
+  Wire.setClock(700000); // set the comms speed for i2c
+  //-------------------------------------------------------SMPS & MOTOR CODE END------------------------------------------------------//
+  Serial.begin(115200); // Set up hardware UART0 (Connected to USB port)
+  Serial1.begin(9600);  // Set up hardware UART
+
+  //Serial.println(getPWMfromSpeed(-1));
+  //Serial.println(getPWMfromSpeed(256));
+  //Serial.println(getPWMfromSpeed(0.5));
+  // Other Drive setup stuff
+  /////////currentHeading = REQUEST HEADING HERE;
+
+  analogWrite(pwmr, 0);
+  analogWrite(pwml, 0);
+  //digitalWrite(DIRR, LOW);
+  //digitalWrite(DIRL, HIGH);
+
+  pinMode(PIN_SS, OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(PIN_MISO, INPUT);
+  pinMode(PIN_MOSI, OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(PIN_SCK, OUTPUT);
+
+  SPI.begin();
+  SPI.setClockDivider(SPI_CLOCK_DIV32);
+  SPI.setDataMode(SPI_MODE3);
+  SPI.setBitOrder(MSBFIRST);
+
+  if (mousecam_init() == -1)
+  {
+    Serial.println("Mouse cam failed to init");
+    while (1)
+      ;
+  }
+}
+
+int commandCompletionStatus = 0; //0-No Command, 1-New Command, 2-Command being run, 3-Command Complete
+int requiredHeading = 0;
+int distance = 0;
+float spd = 0;
+int currentHeading = 0;
+//reset variables for update on completion
+
+unsigned long previousMillis_Command = 0;
+const long interval_Command = 1000;
+DeserializationError error;
+
+char asciiart(int k)
+{
+  static char foo[] = "WX86*3I>!;~:,`. ";
+  return foo[k >> 4];
+}
+
+byte frame[ADNS3080_PIXELS_X * ADNS3080_PIXELS_Y];
+DynamicJsonDocument rdoc(1024);
+
+void loop()
+{
+  if (Serial1.available() && (commandCompletionStatus == 0)){
+    // receive doc, not sure how big this needs to be
+    error = deserializeJson(rdoc, Serial1);
+
+    Serial.println("Got serial");
+
+    // Test if parsing succeeds.
+    if (error)
+    {
+      //Serial.print(F("deserializeJson() failed: "));
+      //Serial.println(error.f_str());
+      return;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      //parsing success, prepare command and pull request information
+      commandCompletionStatus = 1;
+      requiredHeading = rdoc["rH"];
+      distance = rdoc["dist"];
+      spd = rdoc["sp"];
+      currentHeading = rdoc["cH"];
+
+      Serial.println("rH = " + String(requiredHeading) + " dist = " + String(distance) + " speed = " + String(spd));
+
+      //reset variables for update on completion
+      commandComplete = 0;
+      powerUsage_mWh = 0.0;
+      distTravelled_mm = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  //if(current_x!=goal_x)
+
+  // Do Drive stuff, set the 5 values above
+
+  if (commandCompletionStatus == 0)
+  { //noCommand
+    //Do Nothing just wait
+    //Serial.println("status0");
+  }
+  if (commandCompletionStatus == 1)
+  { Serial.println("status1");
+    //newCommand
+    //set goals
+    goal_x += distance * sin(requiredHeading);
+    goal_y += distance * cos(requiredHeading);
+    total_y = 0;
+    total_x = 0;
+    commandCompletionStatus = 2;
+
+    initialAngleSet = false;
+  }
+  if (commandCompletionStatus == 2)
+  { //Serial.println("status2");
+    //ongoingCommand
+    //start moving towards goal
+
+    //set angle first
+    if (!initialAngleSet)
+    {
+      //turn to angle
+      currentHeading = getCurrentHeading();
+      if (currentHeading < requiredHeading)
+      { //turn right
+        Serial.println("turning right");
+        analogWrite(pwmr, getPWMfromSpeed(spd, false));
+        analogWrite(pwml, getPWMfromSpeed(spd, true));
+        digitalWrite(DIRR, LOW);
+        digitalWrite(DIRL, LOW);
+      }
+      else if (currentHeading > requiredHeading)
+      { //turn left
+        Serial.println("turning left");
+        analogWrite(pwmr, getPWMfromSpeed(spd, false));
+        analogWrite(pwml, getPWMfromSpeed(spd, true));
+        digitalWrite(DIRR, HIGH);
+        digitalWrite(DIRL, HIGH);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        //heading correct therefore move to next step...
+        //STOP!!!!
+        digitalWrite(pwmr, LOW);
+        digitalWrite(pwml, LOW);
+
+        initialAngleSet = true;
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    { //then move forwards but check angle for drift using optical flow
+      if (total_y - distance < 0)
+      { //go forwards
+        //Serial.println("going forwards");
+        float speed_r = pid_ms(abs(total_y - distance), &dist_to_move_prev_fr, &time_pid_prev_fr, kpdrive, kddrive);
+        float speed_l = pid_ms(abs(total_y - distance), &dist_to_move_prev_fl, &time_pid_prev_fl, kpdrive, kddrive);
+        float speed_r_head = pid_h_ms(0, speed_r, -total_x, &dist_to_move_prev_sr, &time_pid_prev_sr, kpheading, kdheading);
+        float speed_l_head = pid_h_ms(1, speed_l, -total_x, &dist_to_move_prev_sl, &time_pid_prev_sl, kpheading, kdheading); 
+        analogWrite(pwmr, getPWMfromSpeed(speed_r, false));
+        analogWrite(pwml, getPWMfromSpeed(speed_l, true));
+        digitalWrite(DIRR, LOW);
+        digitalWrite(DIRL, HIGH);
+      }
+      else if (total_y - distance > 0)
+      { //go backwards
+        //Serial.println("going backwards");
+        float speed_r = pid_ms(abs(total_y - distance), &dist_to_move_prev_fr, &time_pid_prev_fr, kpdrive, kddrive);
+        float speed_l = pid_ms(abs(total_y - distance), &dist_to_move_prev_fl, &time_pid_prev_fl, kpdrive, kddrive);
+        float speed_r_head = pid_h_ms(0, speed_r, -total_x, &dist_to_move_prev_sr, &time_pid_prev_sr, kpheading, kdheading);
+        float speed_l_head = pid_h_ms(1, speed_l, -total_x, &dist_to_move_prev_sl, &time_pid_prev_sl, kpheading, kdheading); 
+        analogWrite(pwmr, getPWMfromSpeed(speed_r, false));
+        analogWrite(pwml, getPWMfromSpeed(speed_l, true));
+        digitalWrite(DIRR, HIGH);
+        digitalWrite(DIRL, LOW);
+      }
+      else if ((total_y == distance))
+      { //distance met
+        //STOP!!!!!
+        digitalWrite(pwmr, LOW);
+        digitalWrite(pwml, LOW);
+        commandCompletionStatus = 3;
+        initialAngleSet = true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (commandCompletionStatus == 3)
+  { Serial.println("status3");
+    //currentPosMatchesOrExceedsRequest
+    ///finish moving
+
+    //send update via UART
+
+    //prepare feedback variables
+    commandComplete = true;
+    current_x = goal_x;
+    current_y = goal_y;
+    distTravelled_mm += distance;
+
+    //compile energy use
+    unsigned long currentMillis_Energy = millis();
+
+    totalEnergyUsed += (currentMillis_Energy - previousMillis_Energy) * (powerUsed / loopCount) / 1000 / (60 * 60);
+    previousMillis_Energy = currentMillis_Energy;
+
+    if (debug){
+      Serial.print(motorVoltage);
+      Serial.print("Energy Used: ");
+      Serial.print(totalEnergyUsed);
+      Serial.println("mWh");
+    }
+
+    loopCount = 0; //reset counter to zero
+    powerUsed = 0; //reset power usage
+    powerUsage_mWh = totalEnergyUsed;
+    totalEnergyUsed = 0;
+    total_x1 = 0;
+    total_y1 = 0;
+
+    DynamicJsonDocument tdoc(1024); // transmit doc, not sure how big this needs to be
+    tdoc["comp"] = commandComplete;
+    tdoc["mWh"] = powerUsage_mWh;
+    tdoc["mm"] = distTravelled_mm;
+    tdoc["pos"][0] = current_x;
+    tdoc["pos"][1] = current_y;
+    serializeJson(tdoc, Serial); // Build JSON and send on UART1
+    commandCompletionStatus = 0;
+  }
+
+  //Handle power usage
+  //find motor voltage
+  //int motorVSensor = analogRead(A5);
+  //float motorVoltage = motorVSensor * (5.0 / 1023.0);
+  float motorVoltage = 5;
+
+  //find average power
+
+  if (current_mA >= 0){
+    powerUsed += current_mA * motorVoltage;
+  }
+  if (debug){
+    Serial.println(powerUsed);
+  }
+
+  //calculate averages for energy use calculations
+  loopCount += 1; //handle loop quantity for averaging
+
+  //find average current
+  //find average voltage
+
+  //update command/control
+
+  if (movementflag){
+
+    tdistance = tdistance + convTwosComp(xydat[0]);
+    // Serial.println("Distance = " + String(tdistance));
+    movementflag = 0;
+    delay(3);
+  }
+  int val = mousecam_read_reg(ADNS3080_PIXEL_SUM);
+  MD md;
+  mousecam_read_motion(&md);
+  /* for (int i = 0; i < md.squal / 4; i++)
+    Serial.print('*');
+  Serial.print(' ');
+  Serial.print((val * 100) / 351);
+  Serial.print(' ');
+  Serial.print(md.shutter);
+  Serial.print(" (");
+  Serial.print((int)md.dx);
+  Serial.print(',');
+  Serial.print((int)md.dy);
+  Serial.println(')'); */
+
+  // Serial.println(md.max_pix);
+  delay(100);
+
+  distance_x = md.dx; //convTwosComp(md.dx);
+  distance_y = md.dy; //convTwosComp(md.dy);
+
+  total_x1 = (total_x1 + distance_x);
+  total_y1 = (total_y1 + distance_y);
+
+  total_x = 10 * total_x1 / 157; //Conversion from counts per inch to mm (400 counts per inch)
+  total_y = 10 * total_y1 / 157; //Conversion from counts per inch to mm (400 counts per inch)
+
+  Serial.print('\n');
+
+  Serial.println("Distance_x = " + String(total_x));
+
+  Serial.println("Distance_y = " + String(total_y));
+  Serial.print('\n');
+  //-------------------------------------------------------SMPS & MOTOR CODE START------------------------------------------------------//
+  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
+  if (loopTrigger)
+  { // This loop is triggered, it wont run unless there is an interrupt
+
+    digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // set pin 13. Pin13 shows the time consumed by each control cycle. It's used for debugging.
+
+    // Sample all of the measurements and check which control mode we are in
+    sampling();
+    CL_mode = digitalRead(3);    // input from the OL_CL switch
+    Boost_mode = digitalRead(2); // input from the Buck_Boost switch
+
+    if (Boost_mode)
+    {
+      if (CL_mode)
+      {                  //Closed Loop Boost
+        pwm_modulate(1); // This disables the Boost as we are not using this mode
+      }
+      else
+      {                  // Open Loop Boost
+        pwm_modulate(1); // This disables the Boost as we are not using this mode
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      if (CL_mode)
+      { // Closed Loop Buck
+        // The closed loop path has a voltage controller cascaded with a current controller. The voltage controller
+        // creates a current demand based upon the voltage error. This demand is saturated to give current limiting.
+        // The current loop then gives a duty cycle demand based upon the error between demanded current and measured
+        // current
+        current_limit = 3;                                 // Buck has a higher current limit
+        ev = vref - vb;                                    //voltage error at this time
+        cv = pidv(ev);                                     //voltage pid
+        cv = saturation(cv, current_limit, 0);             //current demand saturation
+        ei = cv - iL;                                      //current error
+        closed_loop = pidi(ei);                            //current pid
+        closed_loop = saturation(closed_loop, 0.99, 0.01); //duty_cycle saturation
+        pwm_modulate(closed_loop);                         //pwm modulation
+      }
+      else
+      {                          // Open Loop Buck
+        current_limit = 3;       // Buck has a higher current limit
+        oc = iL - current_limit; // Calculate the difference between current measurement and current limit
+        if (oc > 0)
+        {
+          open_loop = open_loop - 0.001; // We are above the current limit so less duty cycle
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          open_loop = open_loop + 0.001; // We are below the current limit so more duty cycle
+        }
+        open_loop = saturation(open_loop, dutyref, 0.02); // saturate the duty cycle at the reference or a min of 0.01
+        pwm_modulate(open_loop);                          // and send it out
+      }
+    }
+    // closed loop control path
+
+    digitalWrite(13, LOW); // reset pin13.
+    loopTrigger = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+int getCurrentHeading(){
+  int currentAngle = 0; //-------------___<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
+  return currentAngle;
+}
+
+// Timer A CMP1 interrupt. Every 800us the program enters this interrupt.
+// This, clears the incoming interrupt flag and triggers the main loop.
+
+ISR(TCA0_CMP1_vect){
+  TCA0.SINGLE.INTFLAGS |= TCA_SINGLE_CMP1_bm; //clear interrupt flag
+  loopTrigger = 1;
+}
+
+// This subroutine processes all of the analogue samples, creating the required values for the main loop
+
+void sampling(){
+
+  // Make the initial sampling operations for the circuit measurements
+
+  sensorValue0 = analogRead(A0);       //sample Vb
+  sensorValue2 = analogRead(A2);       //sample Vref
+  sensorValue3 = analogRead(A3);       //sample Vpd
+  current_mA = ina219.getCurrent_mA(); // sample the inductor current (via the sensor chip)
+
+  // Process the values so they are a bit more usable/readable
+  // The analogRead process gives a value between 0 and 1023
+  // representing a voltage between 0 and the analogue reference which is 4.096V
+
+  vb = sensorValue0 * (4.096 / 1023.0);   // Convert the Vb sensor reading to volts
+  vref = sensorValue2 * (4.096 / 1023.0); // Convert the Vref sensor reading to volts
+  vpd = sensorValue3 * (4.096 / 1023.0);  // Convert the Vpd sensor reading to volts
+
+  // The inductor current is in mA from the sensor so we need to convert to amps.
+  // We want to treat it as an input current in the Boost, so its also inverted
+  // For open loop control the duty cycle reference is calculated from the sensor
+  // differently from the Vref, this time scaled between zero and 1.
+  // The boost duty cycle needs to be saturated with a 0.33 minimum to prevent high output voltages
+
+  if (Boost_mode == 1){
+    iL = -current_mA / 1000.0;
+    dutyref = saturation(sensorValue2 * (1.0 / 1023.0), 0.99, 0.33);
+  }else{
+    iL = current_mA / 1000.0;
+    dutyref = sensorValue2 * (1.0 / 1023.0);
+  }
+}
+
+float saturation(float sat_input, float uplim, float lowlim){ // Saturation function
+  if (sat_input > uplim)
+    sat_input = uplim;
+  else if (sat_input < lowlim)
+    sat_input = lowlim;
+  else
+    ;
+  return sat_input;
+}
+
+void pwm_modulate(float pwm_input){ // PWM function
+  analogWrite(6, (int)(255 - pwm_input * 255));
+}
+
+// This is a PID controller for the voltage
+
+float pidv(float pid_input){
+  float e_integration;
+  e0v = pid_input;
+  e_integration = e0v;
+
+  //anti-windup, if last-time pid output reaches the limitation, this time there won't be any intergrations.
+  if (u1v >= uv_max){
+    e_integration = 0;
+  }else if (u1v <= uv_min){
+    e_integration = 0;
+  }
+
+  delta_uv = kpv * (e0v - e1v) + kiv * Ts * e_integration + kdv / Ts * (e0v - 2 * e1v + e2v); //incremental PID programming avoids integrations.there is another PID program called positional PID.
+  u0v = u1v + delta_uv;                                                                       //this time's control output
+
+  //output limitation
+  saturation(u0v, uv_max, uv_min);
+
+  u1v = u0v; //update last time's control output
+  e2v = e1v; //update last last time's error
+  e1v = e0v; // update last time's error
+  return u0v;
+}
+
+// This is a PID controller for the current
+
+float pidi(float pid_input){
+  float e_integration;
+  e0i = pid_input;
+  e_integration = e0i;
+
+  //anti-windup
+  if (u1i >= ui_max){
+    e_integration = 0;
+  }
+  else if (u1i <= ui_min){
+    e_integration = 0;
+  }
+
+  delta_ui = kpi * (e0i - e1i) + kii * Ts * e_integration + kdi / Ts * (e0i - 2 * e1i + e2i); //incremental PID programming avoids integrations.
+  u0i = u1i + delta_ui;                                                                       //this time's control output
+
+  //output limitation
+  saturation(u0i, ui_max, ui_min);
+
+  u1i = u0i; //update last time's control output
+  e2i = e1i; //update last last time's error
+  e1i = e0i; // update last time's error
+  return u0i;
+}
+
+// This is a P!ID contrller for motor speed
+
+float pid_ms(int dist_to_move, int *dist_to_move_prev, unsigned long *time_pid_prev, float kps, float kds){
+  
+  int T_diff = millis() - *time_pid_prev;
+  float speed = (kps * dist_to_move) + ((kds/T_diff) * (dist_to_move - *dist_to_move_prev));
+  *time_pid_prev = millis();
+
+  Serial.println(speed);
+
+  if (speed >= 1) speed = 1;
+  else if (speed <= 0.5) speed = 0.5;
+
+  *dist_to_move_prev = dist_to_move;
+  return speed;
+}
+
+// This is a P!ID contrller for heading using optical flow
+
+float pid_h_ms(bool left, float speed, int dist_to_move, int *dist_to_move_prev, unsigned long *time_pid_prev, float kps, float kds){
+  
+  int T_diff = millis() - *time_pid_prev;
+  float speed_aug;
+
+  if ((dist_to_move > 0 && !left )||( dist_to_move < 0 && left)){
+    float speed_aug_mult = (kps * dist_to_move) + ((kds/T_diff) * (dist_to_move - *dist_to_move_prev));
+    if (speed_aug_mult >= 2) speed_aug_mult = 2;
+    else if (speed_aug_mult <= 1) speed_aug_mult = 1;
+    speed_aug = speed / dist_to_move;
+  }else{
+    speed_aug = speed;
+  }
+  
+  *time_pid_prev = millis();
+
+  if (speed_aug >= 1) speed_aug = 1;
+  else if (speed_aug <= 0.3) speed_aug = 0.3;
+
+  *dist_to_move_prev = dist_to_move;
+  return speed_aug;
+}

Drive/test/README

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+This directory is intended for PlatformIO Unit Testing and project tests.
+
+Unit Testing is a software testing method by which individual units of
+source code, sets of one or more MCU program modules together with associated
+control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to
+determine whether they are fit for use. Unit testing finds problems early
+in the development cycle.
+
+More information about PlatformIO Unit Testing:
+- https://docs.platformio.org/page/plus/unit-testing.html